Sedimentation is one of the most important problems in harbors that results in considerable economic costs. Harbor planforms affects the flow pattern in the harbor basin and consequently, plays an important role in sediment transport and sedimentation. In the present study, a two dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic and sediment transport model has been developed to investigate the effect of harbor planform on sedimentation and sediment transport in harbor basin. Various planforms have been examined by the numerical model and results are plotted for alternative harbor planform geometry parameters, namely, planform aspect ratio, entrance location and entrance width which are presented in a dimensionless form. Results suggest that planform aspect ratios less than unity, leads to less sedimentation Inside the harbor basin. In addition, it can be observed that, while entrance location dose not seriously affect suspended sediment transport rate through the harbor entrance, entrance locations closer to the corner of the basin lead to less sedimentation.

In the present work, an effective way is introduced to improve the efficiency of a square cyclone separator. For this aim, a dipleg is attached under the square cyclone to investigate its geometry effect on the performance of square cyclone separator. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation is done by solving the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations with the Reynolds stress model turbulence model and using the Eulerian-Lagrangian two phase method. The particle dispersion due to turbulence in the gas phase is predicted using the discrete random Walk model. The predicted results show that using a dipleg although produces an increase in pressure drop but it positively enhances the separation efficiency of the square cyclone. In the present results, the pressure drop is increased by about 19% by using dipleg at an inlet velocity of 28 m/s. Using dipleg significantly increases the separation efficiency of square cyclone especially at higher inlet velocity. This can be more obvious when using dipleg 1 which is minimized the 50% cut size of square cyclone by about 35.5%. Also, in higher inlet velocity, the reduction value of 50% cut size is higher which is proved that using dipleg is more effective due to stronger swirl flow.

The main purpose of the article, as the topic itself shows, is defining an eternal geometry(as a basic foundation and unavoidable structure)for the Islamic architecture. Therefore, as an abstract of this article, (giving a short but conclusive definition of the main subject),and in order to avoid from some possible misunderstandings in the mentioned subjects and meanings in the article, the following points seems to be useful:A. The referring meaning of the word "Geometry" (or its Arabic synonym "Hindiseh") by the author in this (article) is completely different from the common meaning of it in architecture (or the Euclidian Geometry) and its closed and limitful field of rules of some mathematical meanings and physical shapes and forms. But by the phrase "Hindiseh Jaavidan" or "Eternal Geometry" the author means the Unique, Wholistic and Comprehensive Truth, which according to the Quranic literature, is known by some Arabic terms such as "qadr", "taqdeer" and "muqaddir", "muqaddar", "qadeer", and so on. The meaning which points to the comprehensive and wholistic system of rules governing all various systems of measurement essential for the whole universe and its every individual parts's or thing's coming into existence (in their both physical being and meaningful identity).B. According to the above mentioned description, the referring meaning of the phrase "Natural Geometry" (or "Hindisi-yi Tabee 'at" or "Taqdeer") by the author in this article can be imagined as a symbolic light through which everything in the universe become visible, readable and understandable for every other thing in the whole cosmos of varieties and multiplicities (in both qualitative and quantitative groups of limits and measures). The limits and measures without which everything's essential mutual relation and harmonic suitable cooperative sharing life with every other thing in the world seems to become impossible.C. Then, in a similar symbolic structure, the other important meaning of "Geometry" or "Hindisih" to which the author is going to point to is "The Essential Geometry" or "Hindisik-yt Dhaatee". According to the Holy Quran, for every possible matter of being in the physical world, there is a limitless, unchangeable, eternal specific and determined Truth in The Presence of God which, as same as all other Truthful Meanings in such a Sacred Presence is free from all limits essential for the material world such as: matter, physical shape and form, length, width, thickness, color and other similar limits.D. And at last, the author's purposed meaning of the subject of "Islamic Architecture" in this article, is an orderly and unitary structure which in its both whole and parts, and in its both physical structure and meaningful identity obey the One Divine System of Rules named Islam. And, at last, by the word of "Islam" means the universal governing order of both physical and spiritual worlds.

Piles with a gradually decreasing cross-section area from pile top to the tip is called tapered piles. Making this change in pile geometry could improve pile behavior in terms of axial compression load bearing, compared to conventional uniform cross-section piles. The beneficial effect of shaft taper pile on the capacity and performance of axially loaded single piles is well documented in the literature. However, the behavior of tapered pile groups has been rarely investigated experimentally and numerically. In this study, a numerical investigation of single tapered pile and pile group behavior based on an experimental investigation in geotechnical centrifuge is conducted. This investigation included both circular and square cross-sections for tapered pile and 2x2 pile group. The results of experimental and numerical modeling highlight the considerable advantage of circular and square tapered piles over the uniform cross-section ones in terms of axial compressive load-bearing capacity. Although the surface area of the circular tapered piles is smaller than square ones, the results surprisingly imply upon an increase in the axial bearing capacity. In numerical simulation, pile group efficiency of tapered pile and shear stress distribution in the soil medium around the pile are investigated. Moreover, the effect of shaft surface geometry of tapered pile with circular and square cross-sections on axial compression load-bearing capacity is also investigated. The findings of numerical simulations indicate that the concave corners of the pile cross-section impose negative effect on shear stress mobilized on the pile surface. In addition, the pile group efficiency of tapered piles is generally lower than corresponding values for uniform cross-section piles. Also, the group efficiency of all tapered pile groups was almost equal to unity, meaning that the load carried by the group is equal to the sum of the load carried by individual similar piles.

A Study of Geometry in Islamic Architecture by Professor Golroo Najibaaghlou is a valuable work in the field of Islamic architecture. This book has a detailed preface, a brief introduction, and five main sections. As it is known from the introduction of the book, this book was originally written for a non-Iranian audience. The first purpose of writing this book is to try to moderate public belief about geometry and the stages of compilation and discussion in Islamic architecture. Another purpose is to correct the negative view of the geometric documentation of Islamic architecture in the West, because such a view has created a kind of reluctance to equate the works of Islamic architecture with the great works of classical Western architecture. In addition, Najibaaghlou wants to reject and respond to Western criticism that reduces Islamic architecture to the level of an unedited work. In the final chapter of the book, Najibaaghlou looks at the compiled documents of Islamic architecture from a Western perspective and highlights some of the missed points of geometric sciences, including clarifying conceptualization, recording, and transferring architectural design in the Islamic world.

In this paper, the logical development of Euclidean geometry as presented in Euclid’s Elements, has been studied. Pointing out some gaps in the Euclid arguments, the need for modern axiomatic systems has been explored.

The geometry of imagination and thought are important tools to acquire knowledge. Human beings have always deployed these two significant tools to get an understanding of the macrocosm and microcosm. These two factors have been incorporated and well utilized to achieve a proper appreciation of these profound entities. This essay engages the strong links between knowledge and art by nature and struchire. There are samples of Hafiz poetry to the demonstrates the marriage of thoughts and the geometr-v of imagination as well to depict the mathematical relationship between their thought patterns.

The concept of 2-normed spaces and 2-Banach spaces are considered as a generalization of normed and Banach spaces. In the present paper, we have studied the existence of square roots and quasi square roots of some elements of a 2-Banach algebra. Moreover, the relation between nth roots and quasi nth roots of elements in 2-Banach algebras are considered.